The security cooperation enterprise is vast, encompassing numerous components of the executive branch, U.S. embassies, Congress, the defense industry, and close allies. It spans nearly every corner of the Department of War, including the Office of the Secretary, the Joint Staff, military departments, combatant commands, and defense agencies. Authority over policy, resources, planning, and implementation is widely distributed across the enterprise. This complex organizational environment presents substantial obstacles to achieving strategic alignment, process efficiency, transparency, and accountability. Addressing these problems requires closing key knowledge gaps, including the structure of the enterprise; the incentives driving its many actors; the original intent and evolution of rules, regulations, and processes; and pathways to bureaucratic mobilization and institutional change.