Unmanned aerial systems (UAS), including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms, are a core element of the PRC’s military modernization program. The PLA has operated UAVs since the 1950s. While aerial drones are not a new technology, contemporary UAV systems are improving rapidly due to advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning, robotics, image sensing, battery and energy storage, communications and networking technologies, materials science, and aeronautical design and engineering. As a result, modern UAV systems are becoming increasingly capable, versatile, and autonomous.
All PLA services and theater commands now use UAVs for a range of missions. These include, but are not limited to, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR); electronic intelligence (ELINT); maritime and border defense patrol; ground and naval strike; air-to-air attack; anti-submarine warfare; air defense suppression, including by using small UAV “swarms;” electronic warfare; communications; transportation and logistical support; emergency medical aid; firefighting; and information operations, including psychological warfare. Moreover, PLA exercises, trainings, and simulations indicate that UAVs would fulfill an array of roles in any land or maritime conflict involving the PRC.
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